🌱 Food Forest Blueprint
Permaculture food forest design

Draft 3 - Native Woodland Garden

Fewer plants, more natives, near-zero maintenance

The lowest-maintenance option and the most wildlife-friendly. The palette is almost entirely native to the Cincinnati bioregion: serviceberry, American plum, pawpaw, hickory, hazelnut, nannyberry, arrowwood, spicebush and native perennials. Fruit trees are fewer, the front zones lean on large native shrubs, and Zone G becomes a low-mow native strip instead of a lawn.

Native species chosen for their tolerance of browse: large-bracted species such as serviceberry and pawpaw regenerate from root suckers, and the shrub layer is dense enough to protect the herbaceous planting inside it.

Placement notes

Grouped by zone. Bullets describe where plants were tightened or crowded to fit the drawn area.

A Zone A

  • 'Carolina Allspice (Sweetshrub)' closely spaced (4.2 ft instead of 5.0 ft centre-to-centre)

B Zone B

  • 'Nannyberry Viburnum' closely spaced (3.1 ft instead of 5.0 ft centre-to-centre)
  • 'Buttonbush' closely spaced (2.2 ft instead of 5.0 ft centre-to-centre)
  • 'Creamy False Indigo (leadplant)' closely spaced (1.0 ft instead of 1.5 ft centre-to-centre)

C Zone C

  • 'American Cranberrybush Viburnum' closely spaced (2.0 ft instead of 5.0 ft centre-to-centre)
  • 1 'American Cranberrybush Viburnum' crowded - could not be spaced properly, so thin or relocate one if it is too tight

D Zone D

  • 1 anchored 'Apple Serviceberry' position(s) sat just outside the traced zone edge - pulled back to the nearest point inside the zone
  • 'Nannyberry Viburnum' closely spaced (3.1 ft instead of 5.0 ft centre-to-centre)
  • 'Woodland Sage' closely spaced (1.1 ft instead of 1.5 ft centre-to-centre)
  • 'Purple Coneflower' closely spaced (1.0 ft instead of 1.5 ft centre-to-centre)

E Zone E

  • 'Gooseberry 'Amish Red'' closely spaced (3.6 ft instead of 5.0 ft centre-to-centre)
  • 'American Hazelnut (multi-stem shrub form)' closely spaced (3.1 ft instead of 5.0 ft centre-to-centre)
  • 'Witch Hazel' closely spaced (2.2 ft instead of 5.0 ft centre-to-centre)
  • 'Hardy Geranium 'Rozanne'' closely spaced (1.3 ft instead of 1.5 ft centre-to-centre)

F Zone F

  • 1 anchored 'Red Mulberry' position(s) sat just outside the traced zone edge - pulled back to the nearest point inside the zone

H Zone H

  • 'Hazelnut 'Jefferson'' closely spaced (5.0 ft instead of 12.0 ft centre-to-centre)
  • 1 'Hazelnut 'Jefferson'' crowded - could not be spaced properly, so thin or relocate one if it is too tight
  • 1 anchored 'Apple Serviceberry' position(s) sat just outside the traced zone edge - pulled back to the nearest point inside the zone

Zone by zone

A West side of the front yard, adjacent to the driveway

Brief: Street-facing ornamental fruit tree(s) backed by a deer-resistant berry shrub border.

Owner's instruction: One, maybe two, fruit trees can go here (maybe one by the street and one by the house) surrounded by deer resistant berry bushes - or have a sufficient deer resistant border to prevent / reduce browsing. The street-facing size of Zone A should be ornamental, the north side of Zone A facing the house does not need to be ornamental; possibly an Asian pear could go on the south side of Zone A in at least one of the design drafts.

Sun: Full sun unless blocked by a tree · Deer resistance priority: high · 24 plants

PlantTypeQtyNote
Autumn Brilliance Serviceberry
Amelanchier lamarckii 'Autumn Brilliance'
tree 1 Serviceberry as the street tree - white spring bloom, orange-red autumn colour, small enough not to shade the house.
American Plum (Chickasaw Plum)
Prunus nigra
tree 1 Chickasaw plum on the house side, from the TreeYo list at $19. Paired with the plum in Zone F so the two cross-pollinate.
Nannyberry Viburnum
Viburnum lentago
shrub 2 Nannyberry shrub collar.
Aronia 'Nero' (black chokeberry)
Aronia melanocarpa 'Nero'
shrub 2 Chokeberry for berries and structure.
Carolina Allspice (Sweetshrub)
Calycanthus floridus
shrub 1 Sweetshrub - native and deer resistant.
Creamy False Indigo (leadplant)
Baptisia alba 'Sierra Gold'
perennial 2 Nitrogen-fixing leadplant.
Yarrow
Achillea millefolium
perennial 5 Native yarrow massing.
Rough Goldenrod
Solidago rugosa
perennial 3 Goldenrod for autumn.
Smooth Blue Aster
Symphyotrichum laeve
perennial 4 Smooth blue aster for the late season.
Woodland Sage
Salvia nemorosa
perennial 3 A little salvia to carry the front edge.

B Front yard immediately to the east side of the stairs that lead towards the house

Brief: One showpiece shrub ringed by drought-tolerant, deer-resistant ornamentals.

Owner's instruction: Ornamental section with some nice flowers and maybe one show piece of a shrub, possibly a goumi berry, carolina allspice or something else; needs to stand up to deer pressure; can have lots of ornamental, drought tolerant, deer resistant companion plants around a main bush/shrub.

Sun: Full sun unless blocked by a tree · Deer resistance priority: high · 20 plants

PlantTypeQtyNote
American Hazelnut (multi-stem shrub form)
Corylus americana 'Newell'
shrub 1 Multi-stem hazelnut as the showpiece shrub - nuts, wildlife and a native accent. Planted with Hazelnut 'Jefferson' beside it, since one hazelnut clone will not set nuts alone.
Hazelnut 'Jefferson'
Corylus avellana 'Jefferson'
tree 1 Hazelnut 'Jefferson' (European hazelnut) - a different genotype, required to pollinate the multi-stem hazelnut clone beside it.
Nannyberry Viburnum
Viburnum lentago
shrub 1 Nannyberry.
Buttonbush
Cephalanthus occidentalis
shrub 1 Buttonbush - native shrub and swallowtail host.
Creamy False Indigo (leadplant)
Baptisia alba 'Sierra Gold'
perennial 2 Nitrogen fixers at the back.
Purple Coneflower
Echinacea purpurea
perennial 4 Prairie perennial.
Yarrow
Achillea millefolium
perennial 4 Native filler.
New England Aster
Symphyotrichum novae-angliae
perennial 4 Autumn asters.
Russian Sage
Perovskia atriplicifolia
perennial 2 Silver contrast.

C Adjacent to the front porch, parked between the walkway to the front door and Zone A

Brief: Kitchen-adjacent berry bushes with culinary herbs and ornamentals within easy reach of the porch.

Owner's instruction: This should be ornamental and deer resistant with a berry bush or two in the middle, surrounded by ornamental companion plants and culinary herbs (since it's close to the house and easy to reach).

Sun: Full sun unless blocked by a tree · Deer resistance priority: high · 27 plants

PlantTypeQtyNote
Elderberry 'Adams'
Sambucus canadensis 'Adams'
shrub 1 Elderberry instead of aronia - the native berry the owner can pick by the porch, planted with 'Marge' so the pair cross-pollinates.
Elderberry 'Marge'
Sambucus canadensis 'Marge'
shrub 1 Elderberry 'Marge' - the second cultivar the porch pair needs.
American Cranberrybush Viburnum
Viburnum trilobum
shrub 1 Cranberrybush for the second berry shrub.
Common Sage (Culinary)
Salvia officinalis
herb 3 Culinary sage.
Chives
Allium schoenoprasum
herb 5 Chives.
Thyme
Thymus vulgaris
herb 4 Thyme between the pavers.
Oregano
Origanum vulgare
herb 2 Oregano.
Strawberry 'Earliglow'
Fragaria x ananassa 'Earliglow'
groundcover 10 Native strawberry carpet.

D Adjacent to the front of the house

Brief: Long-bloom ornamental border along the house face; one 10-12 ft feature plant between the windows and a small ornamental tree at the east end.

Owner's instruction: This should be ornamental with an extended bloom season when taken as a whole; some shrubs/bushes can be tucked behind a row(s) of deer resistant companion plants, herbs, and/or flowers. Possibly, there can be one 10-12' or so plant between the two windows (could a Chicago Hardy Fig go here?); the furthest east part of this zone could also have a small tree, maybe a serviceberry or something else not too big, but ornate.

Sun: Full sun unless blocked by a tree · Deer resistance priority: high · 35 plants

PlantTypeQtyNote
Apple Serviceberry
Amelanchier grandiflora
shrub 1 Apple serviceberry - the larger-flowered, ornamental serviceberry for the east end.
Serviceberry (multi-stem form)
Amelanchier arborea
shrub 2 Multi-stem serviceberry as the shrub layer behind the border.
Nannyberry Viburnum
Viburnum lentago
shrub 2 Nannyberry back row.
Woodland Sage
Salvia nemorosa
perennial 5 Front row.
Purple Coneflower
Echinacea purpurea
perennial 5 Mid row.
Bee Balm
Monarda didyma
perennial 4 Beebalm.
New England Aster
Symphyotrichum novae-angliae
perennial 4 Autumn asters.
Rough Goldenrod
Solidago rugosa
perennial 3 Goldenrod.
Coral Bells
Heuchera sanguinea
perennial 4 Coral bells edging.
Hardy Geranium 'Rozanne'
Geranium macrorrhizum 'Rozanne'
perennial 5 Edging.

E Adjacent to the east side of the house

Brief: Thorny gooseberry row plus partial-shade woodland perennials and groundcovers.

Owner's instruction: Maybe a row of gooseberries (thorns) could go here; doesn't matter if it's ornamental; perhaps this is partial sun; any other plants that thrive in partial sun could be considered in this zone.

Sun: Partial sun · Deer resistance priority: high · 29 plants

PlantTypeQtyNote
Gooseberry 'Amish Red'
Ribes uva-crispa 'Amish Red'
shrub 4 Gooseberry row kept even in the native scheme - the owner asked for it.
American Hazelnut (multi-stem shrub form)
Corylus americana 'Newell'
shrub 2 Hazelnut multi-stem for the shade edge - the pair crops together with Hazelnut 'Jefferson' beside it.
Hazelnut 'Jefferson'
Corylus avellana 'Jefferson'
tree 1 Hazelnut 'Jefferson' (European hazelnut) - a different genotype, required to pollinate the multi-stem hazelnut clone beside it.
Witch Hazel
Hamamelis virginiana
shrub 1 Witch hazel.
Plantain Lily
Hosta plantaginea
perennial 3 Part-shade perennial.
Barrenwort
Epimedium grandiflorum
groundcover 6 Barrenwort.
Hardy Geranium 'Rozanne'
Geranium macrorrhizum 'Rozanne'
perennial 5 Groundcover.
Wild Columbine
Aquilegia canadensis
perennial 3 Native columbine.
Canadian Wild Ginger
Asarum caudatum
groundcover 4 Wild ginger.

F North-east backyard (behind and east of the house, near the pool's east side)

Brief: 2-3 full-size fruit trees (15-25 ft) in the north-east backyard.

Owner's instruction: Plant 2-3 fruit bearing trees (15-25' height) in this spot - assume the two large backyard trees are removed.

Sun: Full sun unless blocked by a tree · Deer resistance priority: medium · 14 plants

PlantTypeQtyNote
Red Mulberry
Morus rubra
tree 2 Red mulberry - fast native fruit tree for the north-east corner. Red mulberry is normally either male or female, so two plants are set out; ask the nursery for a known fruiting selection if it can sex them.
American Plum (Chickasaw Plum)
Prunus nigra
tree 1 Chickasaw plum - paired with the second plum in Zone A so both cross-pollinate.
Shagbark Hickory
Carya ovata
tree 1 Shagbark hickory for the long-term canopy - one of the two hickories this draft carries, so they cross-pollinate.
Elderberry 'Adams'
Sambucus canadensis 'Adams'
shrub 1 Elderberry understory, planted with 'Marge' to cross-pollinate.
Elderberry 'Marge'
Sambucus canadensis 'Marge'
shrub 1 Elderberry 'Marge' - the second cultivar for the understory pair.
Cliffbrush Locust (Rose Acacia)
Robinia hispida
shrub 2 Nitrogen-fixing shrub.
Strawberry 'Earliglow'
Fragaria x ananassa 'Earliglow'
groundcover 6 Groundcover.

G Rear (north) boundary of the property

Brief: Lowest-priority rear boundary: optional asparagus bed / perennial strip, otherwise left as lawn.

Owner's instruction: Lowest priority zone; currently grass. Possibly asparagus here, otherwise can remain lawn.

Sun: Full sun unless blocked by a tree · Deer resistance priority: medium · 15 plants

PlantTypeQtyNote
Rough Goldenrod
Solidago rugosa
perennial 5 Low-mow native strip along the rear boundary instead of lawn.
Smooth Blue Aster
Symphyotrichum laeve
perennial 5 Aster for late-season nectar.
Yarrow
Achillea millefolium
perennial 5 Yarrow - tough, no irrigation once established.

Draft note: Converted from lawn to a native strip. If the owner prefers grass, simply drop the G plantings and the zone returns to its current state.

H North-west backyard (behind and west of the house, near the pool's west side)

Brief: 2-3 full-size fruit trees (15-25 ft) in the north-west backyard.

Owner's instruction: Plant 2-3 fruit bearing trees (15-25' height) in this spot - assume the two large backyard trees are removed.

Sun: Full sun unless blocked by a tree · Deer resistance priority: medium · 9 plants

PlantTypeQtyNote
Pecan
Carya illinoinensis
tree 2 Pecan at the rear of the west backyard - the largest tree in the plan, so it goes at the back. Two trees are needed for a nut crop.
Shagbark Hickory
Carya ovata
tree 1 Shagbark hickory.
Apple Serviceberry
Amelanchier grandiflora
shrub 1 Serviceberry as the small tree.
American Hazelnut
Corylus corellata 'Newell'
tree 1 Hazelnut - planted with the European hazelnut beside it, since this American clone alone sets no nuts.
Hazelnut 'Jefferson'
Corylus avellana 'Jefferson'
tree 1 Hazelnut 'Jefferson' - a different genotype, required to pollinate the American hazelnut clone.
Cliffbrush Locust (Rose Acacia)
Robinia hispida
shrub 2 Rose acacia.
Grape 'Mars' (table grape)
Vitis labrusca 'Mars'
vine 1 Grape on the fence.

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