Draft 1 - Balanced Food Forest
Edible structure in every zone, ornamental at the street
The balanced option. A layered food forest: fruit trees anchor Zones A, D, F and H; deer-resistant berry shrubs form a protective collar in the front zones; herbaceous companions carry the bloom season from April to frost. Low-maintenance species only, with the owner's Zone A request honoured by putting an Asian pear on the street-facing (south) side of Zone A.
Every front-zone planting is inside a deer-resistant shrub or perennial collar; the fruit trees are wrapped and staked for their first three seasons, which is also the window the temporary fencing stays up.
Zone by zone
A
West side of the front yard, adjacent to the driveway
Brief: Street-facing ornamental fruit tree(s) backed by a deer-resistant berry shrub border.
Owner's instruction: One, maybe two, fruit trees can go here (maybe one by the street and one by the house) surrounded by deer resistant berry bushes - or have a sufficient deer resistant border to prevent / reduce browsing. The street-facing size of Zone A should be ornamental, the north side of Zone A facing the house does not need to be ornamental; possibly an Asian pear could go on the south side of Zone A in at least one of the design drafts.
Sun: Full sun unless blocked by a tree · Deer resistance priority:
high · 30 plants
| Plant | Type | Qty | Note |
Callery Pear (Asian Pear)
Pyrus calleryana |
tree |
2 |
Asian pear on the street-facing (south) side, as requested. Two Asian pears of different cultivars (the nursery lists Hosui, Shinseiki and Yoinashi) so the pair cross-pollinates. |
Chicago Hardy Fig
Ficus carica 'Chicago Hardy' |
tree |
1 |
Fig on the house side of Zone A; wrap the trunk in winter until it is established. |
Aronia 'Viking'
Aronia melanocarpa 'Viking' |
shrub |
3 |
Deer-resistant berry shrub collar between and around the two trees. |
American Cranberrybush Viburnum
Viburnum trilobum |
shrub |
1 |
Edible cranberrybush on the outer edge, also a wildlife magnet. |
English Lavender 'Hidcote'
Lavandula angustifolia 'Hidcote' |
perennial |
4 |
Drought-tolerant fragrant border along the street edge. |
Woodland Sage
Salvia nemorosa |
perennial |
4 |
Long-bloom salvia edging the shrub collar. |
Yarrow
Achillea millefolium |
perennial |
4 |
Tough native pollinator filler. |
Stonecrop 'Autumn Joy'
Hylotelephium 'Herbstfreude' |
perennial |
4 |
Low border, good under shrubs. |
Coral Bells
Heuchera sanguinea |
perennial |
3 |
Colour through the shaded house side. |
Coreopsis (Tickseed)
Coreopsis tinctoria |
perennial |
4 |
Cheerful long-season native. |
B
Front yard immediately to the east side of the stairs that lead towards the house
Brief: One showpiece shrub ringed by drought-tolerant, deer-resistant ornamentals.
Owner's instruction: Ornamental section with some nice flowers and maybe one show piece of a shrub, possibly a goumi berry, carolina allspice or something else; needs to stand up to deer pressure; can have lots of ornamental, drought tolerant, deer resistant companion plants around a main bush/shrub.
Sun: Full sun unless blocked by a tree · Deer resistance priority:
high · 28 plants
| Plant | Type | Qty | Note |
Autumn Olive / Goumi
Elaeagnus umbellata |
shrub |
1 |
Goumi berry as the showpiece shrub for this zone, as the owner suggested. |
Carolina Allspice (Sweetshrub)
Calycanthus floridus |
shrub |
1 |
Sweetshrub beside the goumi - strongly deer resistant and fragrant. |
Creamy False Indigo (leadplant)
Baptisia alba 'Sierra Gold' |
perennial |
1 |
Nitrogen-fixing shrub-form indigo at the back of the bed. |
Russian Sage
Perovskia atriplicifolia |
perennial |
3 |
Silver foliage, deer resistant, long season. |
Yarrow
Achillea millefolium |
perennial |
4 |
Massed drought-tolerant native. |
Purple Coneflower
Echinacea purpurea |
perennial |
4 |
Pollinator magnet, edible coneflower. |
Woodland Sage
Salvia nemorosa |
perennial |
4 |
Blooms with the coneflowers. |
Coreopsis (Tickseed)
Coreopsis tinctoria |
perennial |
4 |
Fills the front edge. |
Rough Goldenrod
Solidago rugosa |
perennial |
3 |
Autumn gold for the back of the border. |
Stonecrop 'Autumn Joy'
Hylotelephium 'Herbstfreude' |
perennial |
3 |
Low groundcover in front of the shrub. |
C
Adjacent to the front porch, parked between the walkway to the front door and Zone A
Brief: Kitchen-adjacent berry bushes with culinary herbs and ornamentals within easy reach of the porch.
Owner's instruction: This should be ornamental and deer resistant with a berry bush or two in the middle, surrounded by ornamental companion plants and culinary herbs (since it's close to the house and easy to reach).
Sun: Full sun unless blocked by a tree · Deer resistance priority:
high · 26 plants
| Plant | Type | Qty | Note |
Aronia 'Nero' (black chokeberry)
Aronia melanocarpa 'Nero' |
shrub |
2 |
The berry bushes the owner asked for, mid-zone, within reach of the porch. |
American Cranberrybush Viburnum
Viburnum trilobum |
shrub |
1 |
Second berry shrub for a mixed hedge effect. |
Common Sage (Culinary)
Salvia officinalis |
herb |
3 |
Culinary sage - deer resistant, use from the kitchen door. |
Thyme
Thymus vulgaris |
herb |
3 |
Low creeping thyme, good between paving and shrubs. |
Oregano
Origanum vulgare |
herb |
2 |
Oregano for the kitchen herb bed. |
Chives
Allium schoenoprasum |
herb |
4 |
Chives - deer resistant, edible flowers. |
Spearmint
Mentha spicata |
herb |
1 |
Spearmint - keep in a sunk pot, it spreads. |
Comfrey
Symphytum officinale |
herb |
2 |
Comfrey for the fruit tree guild, cut for the compost. |
Strawberry 'Honeoye'
Fragaria x ananassa 'Honeoye' |
groundcover |
8 |
Strawberries as a living mulch under the berry shrubs. |
D
Adjacent to the front of the house
Brief: Long-bloom ornamental border along the house face; one 10-12 ft feature plant between the windows and a small ornamental tree at the east end.
Owner's instruction: This should be ornamental with an extended bloom season when taken as a whole; some shrubs/bushes can be tucked behind a row(s) of deer resistant companion plants, herbs, and/or flowers. Possibly, there can be one 10-12' or so plant between the two windows (could a Chicago Hardy Fig go here?); the furthest east part of this zone could also have a small tree, maybe a serviceberry or something else not too big, but ornate.
Sun: Full sun unless blocked by a tree · Deer resistance priority:
high · 39 plants
| Plant | Type | Qty | Note |
Chicago Hardy Fig
Ficus carica 'Chicago Hardy' |
tree |
1 |
The 10-12 ft plant between the two windows - Chicago Hardy fig, as the owner suggested. |
Autumn Brilliance Serviceberry
Amelanchier lamarckii 'Autumn Brilliance' |
tree |
1 |
Small ornamental tree at the east end of the zone. |
American Cranberrybush Viburnum
Viburnum trilobum |
shrub |
3 |
Shrubs tucked behind the herbaceous row. |
Woodland Sage
Salvia nemorosa |
perennial |
5 |
Front row - deer resistant. |
Purple Coneflower
Echinacea purpurea |
perennial |
5 |
Mid row. |
Bee Balm
Monarda didyma |
perennial |
4 |
Hummingbird flowers, deer resistant enough behind the salvia. |
New England Aster
Symphyotrichum novae-angliae |
perennial |
4 |
Autumn asters close the season. |
Rough Goldenrod
Solidago rugosa |
perennial |
3 |
Goldenrod backdrop. |
Hardy Geranium 'Rozanne'
Geranium macrorrhizum 'Rozanne' |
perennial |
4 |
Edging perennial, good at the house wall. |
Coral Bells
Heuchera sanguinea |
perennial |
4 |
Low colour at the front. |
Stonecrop 'Autumn Joy'
Hylotelephium 'Herbstfreude' |
perennial |
3 |
Front edge. |
Blue False Indigo
Baptisia australis |
perennial |
1 |
Nitrogen fixer at the back of the border. |
Butterfly Bush
Buddleja davidii 'Nanho' |
shrub |
1 |
Butterfly bush at the back of the border - extends the bloom season into frost alongside the asters and goldenrod. Low-medium deer resistance, so keep it inside the temporary fence (or a wire cage) until the stems harden, and plant it in the part of the bed the fence covers longest. |
Draft note: Butterfly bush at the back of the border is the one soft-growth plant in this zone: it needs the temporary fence (or a wire cage) around it until the stems harden, because deer browse the new growth.
E
Adjacent to the east side of the house
Brief: Thorny gooseberry row plus partial-shade woodland perennials and groundcovers.
Owner's instruction: Maybe a row of gooseberries (thorns) could go here; doesn't matter if it's ornamental; perhaps this is partial sun; any other plants that thrive in partial sun could be considered in this zone.
Sun: Partial sun · Deer resistance priority:
high · 31 plants
| Plant | Type | Qty | Note |
Gooseberry 'Amish Red'
Ribes uva-crispa 'Amish Red' |
shrub |
4 |
The row of thorny gooseberries the owner suggested - the thorns plus the dense habit deter deer. |
White Imperial Currant
Ribes nigrum 'White Imperial' |
shrub |
2 |
Currants for fruit and pollinator flowers. |
Witch Hazel
Hamamelis virginiana |
shrub |
1 |
Witch hazel for the partial-shade end of the zone. |
Plantain Lily
Hosta plantaginea |
perennial |
3 |
Part-shade perennial, deer resistant. |
Barrenwort
Epimedium grandiflorum |
groundcover |
5 |
Barrenwort evergreen groundcover. |
Hardy Geranium 'Rozanne'
Geranium macrorrhizum 'Rozanne' |
perennial |
4 |
Groundcover for the dry shade. |
Wild Columbine
Aquilegia canadensis |
perennial |
3 |
Native columbine for the spring show. |
Canadian Wild Ginger
Asarum caudatum |
groundcover |
4 |
Wild ginger in the moist shade corner. |
Comfrey
Symphytum officinale |
herb |
2 |
Comfrey in the shade guild. |
Coral Bells
Heuchera sanguinea |
perennial |
3 |
Front edge colour. |
F
North-east backyard (behind and east of the house, near the pool's east side)
Brief: 2-3 full-size fruit trees (15-25 ft) in the north-east backyard.
Owner's instruction: Plant 2-3 fruit bearing trees (15-25' height) in this spot - assume the two large backyard trees are removed.
Sun: Full sun unless blocked by a tree · Deer resistance priority:
medium · 19 plants
| Plant | Type | Qty | Note |
Peach
Prunus persica |
tree |
2 |
Peach - 15-25 ft fruit tree for the north-east backyard. Two cultivars (the nursery lists Gala and Indian Free) so the pair cross-pollinates. |
Apple (Honeycrisp type)
Malus domestica |
tree |
1 |
Apple - disease-resistant and long lived. Planted beside Apple 'Enterprise', which pollinates it. |
Apple 'Enterprise'
Malus domestica 'Enterprise' |
tree |
1 |
Apple 'Enterprise' - the pollinizer for the Honeycrisp-type apple. Apples need a second, different variety to set fruit. |
Sweet Cherry
Prunus avium |
tree |
2 |
Sweet cherry on the pool side. Two compatible cultivars are needed to set fruit, so plant this pair (the nursery lists Coral Champagne and Chelan). |
Elderberry 'Adams'
Sambucus canadensis 'Adams' |
shrub |
1 |
Elderberry 'Adams' understory for the fruit tree guild, planted with 'Marge' for cross-pollination. |
Elderberry 'Marge'
Sambucus canadensis 'Marge' |
shrub |
1 |
Elderberry 'Marge' - the second cultivar. A lone elderberry sets very little fruit. |
Blackberry
Rubus occidentalis |
vine |
2 |
Thornless blackberry along the boundary. |
Comfrey
Symphytum officinale |
herb |
3 |
Comfrey as a chop-and-drop mulch source. |
Strawberry 'Earliglow'
Fragaria x ananassa 'Earliglow' |
groundcover |
6 |
Edible groundcover under the trees. |
G
Rear (north) boundary of the property
Brief: Lowest-priority rear boundary: optional asparagus bed / perennial strip, otherwise left as lawn.
Owner's instruction: Lowest priority zone; currently grass. Possibly asparagus here, otherwise can remain lawn.
Sun: Full sun unless blocked by a tree · Deer resistance priority:
medium · 0 plants
No plantings in this draft — the zone is left as it is.
Draft note: Left as lawn, as the owner allowed. Marked here so it can be switched to the asparagus bed in Draft 2 without redrawing the plan.
H
North-west backyard (behind and west of the house, near the pool's west side)
Brief: 2-3 full-size fruit trees (15-25 ft) in the north-west backyard.
Owner's instruction: Plant 2-3 fruit bearing trees (15-25' height) in this spot - assume the two large backyard trees are removed.
Sun: Full sun unless blocked by a tree · Deer resistance priority:
medium · 10 plants
| Plant | Type | Qty | Note |
Pawpaw
Asimina triloba |
tree |
2 |
Pawpaw - native to the region. A single tree will not fruit, so this pair of genetically different trees is planted together. |
American Plum (Chickasaw Plum)
Prunus nigra |
tree |
2 |
Chickasaw plum - also available at TreeYo at a listed $19. Two plants so the pair cross-pollinates. |
American Hazelnut
Corylus corellata 'Newell' |
tree |
1 |
American hazelnut for nuts and wildlife value, planted with the European hazelnut beside it - a single hazelnut clone sets no nuts. |
Hazelnut 'Jefferson'
Corylus avellana 'Jefferson' |
tree |
1 |
Hazelnut 'Jefferson' - a different hazelnut genotype, required to pollinate the American hazelnut clone. |
Cliffbrush Locust (Rose Acacia)
Robinia hispida |
shrub |
1 |
Rose acacia - nitrogen fixing shrub for the tree guild. |
Grape 'Mars' (table grape)
Vitis labrusca 'Mars' |
vine |
1 |
Mars table grape on the boundary fence. |
Hardy Kiwi
Actinidia arguta |
vine |
1 |
Hardy kiwi on the fence - this is the fruiting female vine; it needs the male planted with it. |
Hardy Kiwi (male pollinizer)
Actinidia arguta (male selection) |
vine |
1 |
Hardy kiwi male pollinizer - no fruit of its own, but without it the female vine will not crop. |