🌱 Food Forest Blueprint
Permaculture food forest design

Draft 1 - Balanced Food Forest

Edible structure in every zone, ornamental at the street

The balanced option. A layered food forest: fruit trees anchor Zones A, D, F and H; deer-resistant berry shrubs form a protective collar in the front zones; herbaceous companions carry the bloom season from April to frost. Low-maintenance species only, with the owner's Zone A request honoured by putting an Asian pear on the street-facing (south) side of Zone A.

Every front-zone planting is inside a deer-resistant shrub or perennial collar; the fruit trees are wrapped and staked for their first three seasons, which is also the window the temporary fencing stays up.

Placement notes

Grouped by zone. Bullets describe where plants were tightened or crowded to fit the drawn area.

A Zone A

  • 'Coreopsis (Tickseed)' closely spaced (1.3 ft instead of 1.5 ft centre-to-centre)

B Zone B

  • 'Carolina Allspice (Sweetshrub)' closely spaced (3.1 ft instead of 5.0 ft centre-to-centre)
  • 'Russian Sage' closely spaced (1.1 ft instead of 1.5 ft centre-to-centre)

C Zone C

  • 'American Cranberrybush Viburnum' closely spaced (2.0 ft instead of 5.0 ft centre-to-centre)
  • 1 'American Cranberrybush Viburnum' crowded - could not be spaced properly, so thin or relocate one if it is too tight

D Zone D

  • 1 anchored 'Autumn Brilliance Serviceberry' position(s) sat just outside the traced zone edge - pulled back to the nearest point inside the zone
  • 'American Cranberrybush Viburnum' closely spaced (4.2 ft instead of 5.0 ft centre-to-centre)
  • 'Butterfly Bush' closely spaced (4.2 ft instead of 5.0 ft centre-to-centre)
  • 'Purple Coneflower' closely spaced (1.3 ft instead of 1.5 ft centre-to-centre)
  • 'Bee Balm' closely spaced (1.0 ft instead of 1.5 ft centre-to-centre)

E Zone E

  • 'Gooseberry 'Amish Red'' closely spaced (3.6 ft instead of 5.0 ft centre-to-centre)
  • 'White Imperial Currant' closely spaced (2.5 ft instead of 5.0 ft centre-to-centre)
  • 'Witch Hazel' closely spaced (2.2 ft instead of 5.0 ft centre-to-centre)
  • 'Hardy Geranium 'Rozanne'' closely spaced (1.1 ft instead of 1.5 ft centre-to-centre)

F Zone F

  • 1 anchored 'Peach' position(s) sat just outside the traced zone edge - pulled back to the nearest point inside the zone
  • 'Apple 'Enterprise'' closely spaced (10.2 ft instead of 12.0 ft centre-to-centre)
  • 'Sweet Cherry' closely spaced (5.0 ft instead of 12.0 ft centre-to-centre)
  • 1 'Sweet Cherry' crowded - could not be spaced properly, so thin or relocate one if it is too tight

H Zone H

  • 1 anchored 'American Hazelnut' position(s) fell outside the traced zone edge by more than 4 ft - could not be placed
  • 'American Hazelnut' closely spaced (5.0 ft instead of 12.0 ft centre-to-centre)
  • 1 'American Hazelnut' crowded - could not be spaced properly, so thin or relocate one if it is too tight
  • 'Hazelnut 'Jefferson'' closely spaced (5.0 ft instead of 12.0 ft centre-to-centre)
  • 1 'Hazelnut 'Jefferson'' crowded - could not be spaced properly, so thin or relocate one if it is too tight

Zone by zone

A West side of the front yard, adjacent to the driveway

Brief: Street-facing ornamental fruit tree(s) backed by a deer-resistant berry shrub border.

Owner's instruction: One, maybe two, fruit trees can go here (maybe one by the street and one by the house) surrounded by deer resistant berry bushes - or have a sufficient deer resistant border to prevent / reduce browsing. The street-facing size of Zone A should be ornamental, the north side of Zone A facing the house does not need to be ornamental; possibly an Asian pear could go on the south side of Zone A in at least one of the design drafts.

Sun: Full sun unless blocked by a tree · Deer resistance priority: high · 30 plants

PlantTypeQtyNote
Callery Pear (Asian Pear)
Pyrus calleryana
tree 2 Asian pear on the street-facing (south) side, as requested. Two Asian pears of different cultivars (the nursery lists Hosui, Shinseiki and Yoinashi) so the pair cross-pollinates.
Chicago Hardy Fig
Ficus carica 'Chicago Hardy'
tree 1 Fig on the house side of Zone A; wrap the trunk in winter until it is established.
Aronia 'Viking'
Aronia melanocarpa 'Viking'
shrub 3 Deer-resistant berry shrub collar between and around the two trees.
American Cranberrybush Viburnum
Viburnum trilobum
shrub 1 Edible cranberrybush on the outer edge, also a wildlife magnet.
English Lavender 'Hidcote'
Lavandula angustifolia 'Hidcote'
perennial 4 Drought-tolerant fragrant border along the street edge.
Woodland Sage
Salvia nemorosa
perennial 4 Long-bloom salvia edging the shrub collar.
Yarrow
Achillea millefolium
perennial 4 Tough native pollinator filler.
Stonecrop 'Autumn Joy'
Hylotelephium 'Herbstfreude'
perennial 4 Low border, good under shrubs.
Coral Bells
Heuchera sanguinea
perennial 3 Colour through the shaded house side.
Coreopsis (Tickseed)
Coreopsis tinctoria
perennial 4 Cheerful long-season native.

B Front yard immediately to the east side of the stairs that lead towards the house

Brief: One showpiece shrub ringed by drought-tolerant, deer-resistant ornamentals.

Owner's instruction: Ornamental section with some nice flowers and maybe one show piece of a shrub, possibly a goumi berry, carolina allspice or something else; needs to stand up to deer pressure; can have lots of ornamental, drought tolerant, deer resistant companion plants around a main bush/shrub.

Sun: Full sun unless blocked by a tree · Deer resistance priority: high · 28 plants

PlantTypeQtyNote
Autumn Olive / Goumi
Elaeagnus umbellata
shrub 1 Goumi berry as the showpiece shrub for this zone, as the owner suggested.
Carolina Allspice (Sweetshrub)
Calycanthus floridus
shrub 1 Sweetshrub beside the goumi - strongly deer resistant and fragrant.
Creamy False Indigo (leadplant)
Baptisia alba 'Sierra Gold'
perennial 1 Nitrogen-fixing shrub-form indigo at the back of the bed.
Russian Sage
Perovskia atriplicifolia
perennial 3 Silver foliage, deer resistant, long season.
Yarrow
Achillea millefolium
perennial 4 Massed drought-tolerant native.
Purple Coneflower
Echinacea purpurea
perennial 4 Pollinator magnet, edible coneflower.
Woodland Sage
Salvia nemorosa
perennial 4 Blooms with the coneflowers.
Coreopsis (Tickseed)
Coreopsis tinctoria
perennial 4 Fills the front edge.
Rough Goldenrod
Solidago rugosa
perennial 3 Autumn gold for the back of the border.
Stonecrop 'Autumn Joy'
Hylotelephium 'Herbstfreude'
perennial 3 Low groundcover in front of the shrub.

C Adjacent to the front porch, parked between the walkway to the front door and Zone A

Brief: Kitchen-adjacent berry bushes with culinary herbs and ornamentals within easy reach of the porch.

Owner's instruction: This should be ornamental and deer resistant with a berry bush or two in the middle, surrounded by ornamental companion plants and culinary herbs (since it's close to the house and easy to reach).

Sun: Full sun unless blocked by a tree · Deer resistance priority: high · 26 plants

PlantTypeQtyNote
Aronia 'Nero' (black chokeberry)
Aronia melanocarpa 'Nero'
shrub 2 The berry bushes the owner asked for, mid-zone, within reach of the porch.
American Cranberrybush Viburnum
Viburnum trilobum
shrub 1 Second berry shrub for a mixed hedge effect.
Common Sage (Culinary)
Salvia officinalis
herb 3 Culinary sage - deer resistant, use from the kitchen door.
Thyme
Thymus vulgaris
herb 3 Low creeping thyme, good between paving and shrubs.
Oregano
Origanum vulgare
herb 2 Oregano for the kitchen herb bed.
Chives
Allium schoenoprasum
herb 4 Chives - deer resistant, edible flowers.
Spearmint
Mentha spicata
herb 1 Spearmint - keep in a sunk pot, it spreads.
Comfrey
Symphytum officinale
herb 2 Comfrey for the fruit tree guild, cut for the compost.
Strawberry 'Honeoye'
Fragaria x ananassa 'Honeoye'
groundcover 8 Strawberries as a living mulch under the berry shrubs.

D Adjacent to the front of the house

Brief: Long-bloom ornamental border along the house face; one 10-12 ft feature plant between the windows and a small ornamental tree at the east end.

Owner's instruction: This should be ornamental with an extended bloom season when taken as a whole; some shrubs/bushes can be tucked behind a row(s) of deer resistant companion plants, herbs, and/or flowers. Possibly, there can be one 10-12' or so plant between the two windows (could a Chicago Hardy Fig go here?); the furthest east part of this zone could also have a small tree, maybe a serviceberry or something else not too big, but ornate.

Sun: Full sun unless blocked by a tree · Deer resistance priority: high · 39 plants

PlantTypeQtyNote
Chicago Hardy Fig
Ficus carica 'Chicago Hardy'
tree 1 The 10-12 ft plant between the two windows - Chicago Hardy fig, as the owner suggested.
Autumn Brilliance Serviceberry
Amelanchier lamarckii 'Autumn Brilliance'
tree 1 Small ornamental tree at the east end of the zone.
American Cranberrybush Viburnum
Viburnum trilobum
shrub 3 Shrubs tucked behind the herbaceous row.
Woodland Sage
Salvia nemorosa
perennial 5 Front row - deer resistant.
Purple Coneflower
Echinacea purpurea
perennial 5 Mid row.
Bee Balm
Monarda didyma
perennial 4 Hummingbird flowers, deer resistant enough behind the salvia.
New England Aster
Symphyotrichum novae-angliae
perennial 4 Autumn asters close the season.
Rough Goldenrod
Solidago rugosa
perennial 3 Goldenrod backdrop.
Hardy Geranium 'Rozanne'
Geranium macrorrhizum 'Rozanne'
perennial 4 Edging perennial, good at the house wall.
Coral Bells
Heuchera sanguinea
perennial 4 Low colour at the front.
Stonecrop 'Autumn Joy'
Hylotelephium 'Herbstfreude'
perennial 3 Front edge.
Blue False Indigo
Baptisia australis
perennial 1 Nitrogen fixer at the back of the border.
Butterfly Bush
Buddleja davidii 'Nanho'
shrub 1 Butterfly bush at the back of the border - extends the bloom season into frost alongside the asters and goldenrod. Low-medium deer resistance, so keep it inside the temporary fence (or a wire cage) until the stems harden, and plant it in the part of the bed the fence covers longest.

Draft note: Butterfly bush at the back of the border is the one soft-growth plant in this zone: it needs the temporary fence (or a wire cage) around it until the stems harden, because deer browse the new growth.

E Adjacent to the east side of the house

Brief: Thorny gooseberry row plus partial-shade woodland perennials and groundcovers.

Owner's instruction: Maybe a row of gooseberries (thorns) could go here; doesn't matter if it's ornamental; perhaps this is partial sun; any other plants that thrive in partial sun could be considered in this zone.

Sun: Partial sun · Deer resistance priority: high · 31 plants

PlantTypeQtyNote
Gooseberry 'Amish Red'
Ribes uva-crispa 'Amish Red'
shrub 4 The row of thorny gooseberries the owner suggested - the thorns plus the dense habit deter deer.
White Imperial Currant
Ribes nigrum 'White Imperial'
shrub 2 Currants for fruit and pollinator flowers.
Witch Hazel
Hamamelis virginiana
shrub 1 Witch hazel for the partial-shade end of the zone.
Plantain Lily
Hosta plantaginea
perennial 3 Part-shade perennial, deer resistant.
Barrenwort
Epimedium grandiflorum
groundcover 5 Barrenwort evergreen groundcover.
Hardy Geranium 'Rozanne'
Geranium macrorrhizum 'Rozanne'
perennial 4 Groundcover for the dry shade.
Wild Columbine
Aquilegia canadensis
perennial 3 Native columbine for the spring show.
Canadian Wild Ginger
Asarum caudatum
groundcover 4 Wild ginger in the moist shade corner.
Comfrey
Symphytum officinale
herb 2 Comfrey in the shade guild.
Coral Bells
Heuchera sanguinea
perennial 3 Front edge colour.

F North-east backyard (behind and east of the house, near the pool's east side)

Brief: 2-3 full-size fruit trees (15-25 ft) in the north-east backyard.

Owner's instruction: Plant 2-3 fruit bearing trees (15-25' height) in this spot - assume the two large backyard trees are removed.

Sun: Full sun unless blocked by a tree · Deer resistance priority: medium · 19 plants

PlantTypeQtyNote
Peach
Prunus persica
tree 2 Peach - 15-25 ft fruit tree for the north-east backyard. Two cultivars (the nursery lists Gala and Indian Free) so the pair cross-pollinates.
Apple (Honeycrisp type)
Malus domestica
tree 1 Apple - disease-resistant and long lived. Planted beside Apple 'Enterprise', which pollinates it.
Apple 'Enterprise'
Malus domestica 'Enterprise'
tree 1 Apple 'Enterprise' - the pollinizer for the Honeycrisp-type apple. Apples need a second, different variety to set fruit.
Sweet Cherry
Prunus avium
tree 2 Sweet cherry on the pool side. Two compatible cultivars are needed to set fruit, so plant this pair (the nursery lists Coral Champagne and Chelan).
Elderberry 'Adams'
Sambucus canadensis 'Adams'
shrub 1 Elderberry 'Adams' understory for the fruit tree guild, planted with 'Marge' for cross-pollination.
Elderberry 'Marge'
Sambucus canadensis 'Marge'
shrub 1 Elderberry 'Marge' - the second cultivar. A lone elderberry sets very little fruit.
Blackberry
Rubus occidentalis
vine 2 Thornless blackberry along the boundary.
Comfrey
Symphytum officinale
herb 3 Comfrey as a chop-and-drop mulch source.
Strawberry 'Earliglow'
Fragaria x ananassa 'Earliglow'
groundcover 6 Edible groundcover under the trees.

G Rear (north) boundary of the property

Brief: Lowest-priority rear boundary: optional asparagus bed / perennial strip, otherwise left as lawn.

Owner's instruction: Lowest priority zone; currently grass. Possibly asparagus here, otherwise can remain lawn.

Sun: Full sun unless blocked by a tree · Deer resistance priority: medium · 0 plants

No plantings in this draft — the zone is left as it is.

Draft note: Left as lawn, as the owner allowed. Marked here so it can be switched to the asparagus bed in Draft 2 without redrawing the plan.

H North-west backyard (behind and west of the house, near the pool's west side)

Brief: 2-3 full-size fruit trees (15-25 ft) in the north-west backyard.

Owner's instruction: Plant 2-3 fruit bearing trees (15-25' height) in this spot - assume the two large backyard trees are removed.

Sun: Full sun unless blocked by a tree · Deer resistance priority: medium · 10 plants

PlantTypeQtyNote
Pawpaw
Asimina triloba
tree 2 Pawpaw - native to the region. A single tree will not fruit, so this pair of genetically different trees is planted together.
American Plum (Chickasaw Plum)
Prunus nigra
tree 2 Chickasaw plum - also available at TreeYo at a listed $19. Two plants so the pair cross-pollinates.
American Hazelnut
Corylus corellata 'Newell'
tree 1 American hazelnut for nuts and wildlife value, planted with the European hazelnut beside it - a single hazelnut clone sets no nuts.
Hazelnut 'Jefferson'
Corylus avellana 'Jefferson'
tree 1 Hazelnut 'Jefferson' - a different hazelnut genotype, required to pollinate the American hazelnut clone.
Cliffbrush Locust (Rose Acacia)
Robinia hispida
shrub 1 Rose acacia - nitrogen fixing shrub for the tree guild.
Grape 'Mars' (table grape)
Vitis labrusca 'Mars'
vine 1 Mars table grape on the boundary fence.
Hardy Kiwi
Actinidia arguta
vine 1 Hardy kiwi on the fence - this is the fruiting female vine; it needs the male planted with it.
Hardy Kiwi (male pollinizer)
Actinidia arguta (male selection)
vine 1 Hardy kiwi male pollinizer - no fruit of its own, but without it the female vine will not crop.

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